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CONCRETE TECHNOLOGYwww.cpi-worldwide.com CPI %u2013 Concrete Plant International %u2013 4 | 2025 21and sewage sludge ash (SSA) as partial replacements for cement or fine aggregates in concrete. Table 1 presents the results from preliminary tests on concrete mixtures where 20 wt% of the CEM II/A-LL 42.5R cement is replaced with 2 different WBAs from Croatia. In this study, the reference mix is designated as M0, while the mixes incorporating WBA are designated M1 and M2.Based on preliminary tests using two types of wood biomass ash (WBA) in concrete mixes, it can be concluded that the fresh-state properties of concrete are significantly influenced by the specific type of ash. Compared to the reference mix (M0), concrete with WBA exhibited reduced consistency in both WBA mixes and reduced density solely in the M2 mix. This was in line with the markedly higher air content in the M2 Fig. 2: Examples of ash produced during thermal treatment: (a) fly ash from wood biomass; (b) bottom ash from wood biomass; and (c) ash derived from sludge from wastewater treatment plants.a) b) c) Trust inConcrete Innovationwww.wiggertusa.com 603.431.5661Planetary Mixer Twin-Shaft MixerCustom PlantControl & Automation Skid-Mounted PlantConcrete Transport