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CONCRETE TECHNOLOGYwww.cpi-worldwide.com CPI %u2013 Concrete Plant International %u2013 4 | 2025ment and the extraction of valuable elements from these materials exist, further research is essential to identify and integrate diverse alternative materials into cement production. This exploration is crucial to meet CO2 reduction targets, and therefore, innovative solutions and technologies must be developed within the construction industry to facilitate this transition. To fully leverage the potential of alternative materials, a more flexible approach in regulatory frameworks is necessary for their effective integration. While these alternatives demonstrate comparable performance to conventional cements, it is crucial to assess the relevant environmental exposure classes and identify optimal applications to ensure their suitability and long-term durability in specific conditions.Moreover, the inclusion of waste materials, such as WBA and SSA, into the cement and concrete sectors can reduce reliance on primary raw materials like limestone and clay, while also supporting the principles of the circular economy and contributing to overall environmental sustainability.AcknowledgmentsThis research was performed within the research project AshCycle - Integration of Underutilized Ashes into Material Cycles by Industry-Urban Symbiosis, 101058162, HORIZON-CL4-2021-TWIN-TRANSITION-01. nLiterature[1] European Green Deal, https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal_hr[2] Cementing the European Green Deal, CEMBUREAU, https://cembureau.eu/media/kuxd32gi/cembureau-2050-roadmap_final-version_web.pdf[3] AshCycle project, https://www.ashcycle.eu/en[4] Abis, M., Bruno, M., Kuchta, K., Simon, F. G., Gr%u00f6nholm, R., Hoppe, M., Fiore, S.: Assessment of the Synergy between Recycling and Thermal Treatments in Municipal Solid Waste Management in Europe, Energies, 13(23) (2020), 6412, https://doi.org/10.3390/en13236412[5] Bunge, R.: Recovery of metals from waste incinerator bottom ash, 2016, http://vbsa.ch/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Studie-Bunge-Internetversion.pdf[6] Funari, V., Bokhari, S. N. H., Vigliotti, l., Meisel, T., Braga, R.: The rare earth elements in municipal solid waste incinerators ash and promising tools for their prospecting, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 301 (2016), 471-479, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.09.015[7] IEA Bioenergy, Options for increased use of ash from biomass combustion and co-firing. 2018, https://www.ieabioenergy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/IEA-Bioenergy-Ash-management-report-revision-5-november.pdf[8] Vassilev, S. V., Vassileva, C. G.: Contents and associations of rare earth elements and yttrium in biomass ashes. Fuel 262 (2020) 116525, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116525[9] HROTE Croatian energy market operator, List of biomass power plants for auctions, https://www.hrote.hr/popis-elektrana-na-biomasu-za-drazbe [10]%u0009 Milovanovi%u0107, B., %u0160tirmer, N., Carevi%u0107, I., Bari%u010devi%u0107, A.: Wood BiomassAsh as a Raw Material in the Concrete Industry, Gra%u0111evinar 71(2019), 6; 505-514, https://doi.org/10.14256/JCE.2546.2018[11]%u0009 %u0106osi%u0107, M.: Concrete pavers with wood biomass ash, undergraduatethesis, University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2023.[12]%u0009 Carevi%u0107, I.: Characterization of cement composites with fly ashfrom wood biomass, doctoral thesis, University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2020[13]%u0009 Kostani%u0107 Juri%u0107, K.: Methodology development for wood biomassash application in concrete, doctoral thesis, University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2021